#Credit analyst/manager-- administers the firm's credit policy by a value waiting credit applications, extending credit, and monitoring and collecting accounts receivable. Pension fund managers-- and large companies, oversees or manages the assets and liabilities of the employees pension funds. Foreign exchange manager-- manages specific foreign operations and the firm's exposure to fluctuations in exchange rates. Treasurer-- the firm's chief financial manager, who is responsible for the firm's financial activities, such as financial planning and fundraising, making capital expenditure decisions, and managing cash, credit, the pension fund, and foreign exchange. Controller-- the firm's chief accountant, who is responsible for the firm's accounting activities, such as corporate accounting, tax management, financial accounting, and cost accounting. *note*the treasurer's focus tends to be more external, the comptroller's focus more internal. Foreign exchange manager-- the manager responsible for monitoring and managing the firm's exposure to loss from currency fluctuations. Marginal cost benefit analysis-- economic principle that states that financial decisions should be made and actions taken only when the added benefits exceed the added costs. Accrual basis-- in preparation of financial statements, recognizes revenue at the time of sale and recognizes expenses when they are incurred. Cash basis-- recognizes revenues and expenses only with respect to actual inflows and outflows of cash. Earnings per share (EPS)-- the amount earned during the period on behalf of each outstanding share of common stock, calculated by dividing the period's total earnings available for the firm's common stockholders by the number of shares of common stock outstanding. Risk-- the chance that actual outcomes may differ from those excepted risk-averse-- seeking to avoid risk stakeholders-- groups such as employees, customers, suppliers, creditors, owners, and others who have a direct economic link to the firm. Corporate governance-- the system used to direct and control Corporation. Defines the rights and responsibilities of key corporate participants, decisions he procedures, and monitor its objectives. Individual investors-- investors to buy relatively small quantities of shares so as to meet personal investment goals. Institutional investors-- investment professionals, such as insurance companies, mutual funds, and pension funds, that are paid to manage other People's Money and that trade large quantities of securities.